A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe, where the toe joint angles outward toward the other toes. Medically called hallux valgus**, it’s a progressive deformity that can cause significant pain, swelling, and difficulty walking. The big toe pushes against the second toe, forcing the joint to protrude.
Bunions develop gradually and are often caused by genetics, arthritis, or wearing tight, narrow shoes — especially high heels that squeeze the toes together. They’re more common in women and older adults, though anyone can develop them.
Why It Matters
Bunions are one of the most common foot problems, affecting up to 25% of adults. While not life-threatening, they can severely impact mobility and quality of life. Treatment ranges from orthopedic shoe inserts and wider shoes to surgical correction in severe cases.
Culturally, bunions are a symbol of aging and impractical footwear — the physical cost of fashion. They’re also a staple of medical advertising, podiatry clinics, and orthopedic shoe marketing.
Examples
- Bunion surgery: A common orthopedic procedure that realigns the toe joint.
- High heels: Frequently blamed for bunion development, though genetics play a major role.
- Orthopedic shoes: Designed with wide toe boxes to accommodate or prevent bunions.
Related Terms
- Hallux valgus, podiatry
- Foot deformity, arthritis
- Orthotics, surgery, high heels